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Language Immersion puts students in a situation where they must use a foreign language, whether or not they know it. This creates fluency, but not accuracy of usage.
Tutoring by a native speaker is one of the best all-around methods. However it requires a motivated native tutor, which can be a rare, expensive commodity.
Directed practice has students repeat phrases. This method is used by U.S. diplomatic courses. It can quickly provide a "phrasebook" knowledge of the language. Within these limits, the students' usage is accurate and precise. However the student's choice of what to say is not flexible.
Absorptive language education (sometimes called the audiolingual method) has students listen to or view video tapes of language models acting in situations. Most instructors now acknowledge that this method is ineffective by itself.
Grammatic language education instructs students in grammar, and provides vocabulary to memorize. Most instructors now acknowledge that this method is ineffective by itself.
Communicative language teaching (CLT) is an approach to the teaching of second and foreign languages that emphasizes interaction as both the means and the ultimate goal of learning a language.
Eclectic methods combine the above into a single course of study. These are the most common.
Blended learning combines face-to-face teaching with interactive (and therefore frequently electronic) practice activity which has been a major growth point in the TEFL industry over the last 5 years.
Learning by teaching
