高考英语书面表达对策与训练

I．试题特点：

“高考英语科考试说明”指出：根据情景，写一篇100词左右的书面表达。书面表达题旨在测试考生的英语表达能力，看其是否能够运用学过的英语知识和掌握的技能进行思想交流。情景包括目的、对象、时间、地点、内容等；提供的情景的形式有图画、图表、提纲、短文等；所要求的文体形式包括记叙文、说明文、各种应用文体和议论文。从近些年的高考英语书面表达题来看，我们基本上可以将书面表达题大致归纳为两种写作类型：一类是文字性提示／表格提示写作；另一类是看图作文。书面表达要求：1．切中题意；2．语言准确得当；3．条理清楚。 

II．解题步骤：

1．审——认真审题，明确要求

由于高考书面表达属于控制性作文，它对写作目的、对象、体裁、内容等做了规定。所以，必须认真审题，一审文体，二审要求，三审人称。

写作前，根据所给提示，首先弄清要写的体裁，然后再考虑语言、语气的选用，是用口头语还是书面语。对题目所给的信息，不论是短文还是表格，不论是文字还是图画，都务必仔细分析，弄清题目的内容、要求（即注意事项）、时间、环境是非常必要的。弄清楚书面表达要求用何种人称也是很重要的，可以避免不必要的失分。

2．编——抓住要点，扩展成句

根据提示，编出要点或提纲，然后用英文表达出来。写作时，一定要紧扣要点，题目要求的内容应该写进去，以保证内容的完整。根据内容要求，尽量用自己熟悉的，有把握的词语及句型，力求正确使用地道现成的英语句型，不造没有根据的中式英语。一个句子一个中心，句意清楚，合乎逻辑。

3．写——适当调整，完善成篇

根据句子的内在联系或事件发生的先后顺序，重新排列次序，进行加工整理，使文章自然、连贯、流畅。在组句成篇过程中，尽量使用简单句，在有把握的情况下，能使句子的表达正确、得体，符合英语表达习惯，非谓语动词、复合句均可使用，多样化的句型可使文章增色不少。

4．查——严格检查，有错必纠

检查是书面表达得高分的重要保证。只有通过认真检查，才能保证少出或不出错误。一查内容，看要点是否齐全；二查格式，看是否符合要求；三查语法，看有无错误，是否符合英文的表达习惯；四查书写，看单词拼写，大小写及标点符号等方面是否有误；五查词数，看是否符合规定词数。

III．写作练习：

A.　应用文

1. 便条

假定你名字叫张伟，是外籍教师David Johnson 的学生。现在是2003年6月8日下午四点，你到他家通知他一件事，并向他借Longman 辞典，可是他碰巧不在家，所以你给他留下了一张便条。便条的内容如下：

1．明天的会议将推迟到本星期五下午2：30，因为明天你们要去参观英国工业展览会。学校的大轿车将在上午8：00从校门口出发。

２．你要向他借Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English使用几个星期，因为你在用英语写学期论文。所以你经常要查这本辞典。如果Johnson 教授愿意借给你，你请他明天参观展览会时把那辞典带给你。

要求：1．只需表达上述内容，不必翻译说明部分，不要使用自己的真实姓名。

      2．词数100~120。

 

2. 日记

按下列要求写一篇日记。日期是2003年5月， 星期三，晴。内容包括以下几点：

1．今天是国际劳动节，是一个重大的节日；

2．同朋友外出游览。上午去东湖公园玩耍，中午在树下野餐，餐后泛舟游东湖；

3．上岸后遇外国朋友。与他们打招呼，他们报以微笑；用英语同他们攀谈，他们很少说话。后来我们才知道他们是俄罗斯人，不太会说英语。

要求：词数100~120。

参考词汇：国际劳动节International Labor Day  划船 row a boat

 

3. 通知

请根据下列提供的情况写一封100字左右的通知。

时间：本周五

地点：讲演厅（305室）

目的：为了提高学生的口语能力

主办单位：学生会

愿参加者必须在本周二到班长处报名，已请了四位教授当裁判，前三名获胜者将得到鼓励奖，欢迎全体同学到场助兴。

 

4. 书信

假如你是北京四中的学生李华，刚刚走访了四年前参观过的北京西郊新兴城镇刘家峪。你给《中国日报》写信，谈谈你对观察到的一些情况的看法。要点：

1．该镇今非昔比，街道宽阔，楼房林立，工厂遍布；然而山上的树木被砍伐了，河水变黑了，鱼没有了。

2．难道过上好的生活必须以污染周边环境为代价吗？我们应该停止污染，保持持续（sustained）发展，还是对污染听之任之？

注意：词数110左右。

 

5. 致词

英国语言教学法专家，著名的教材设计专家路易·亚历山大先生应邀来华讲学。他到你们学校参观，和一些师生座谈。现在由你就持座谈会，代表在座的师生用英语致欢词。欢迎词包括下列几点：

1．向来访的客人表示欢迎。

2．介绍Mr. Alexander 教授   1) 英国教授,在中国很有名;  2) “New Concept English” 一书的作者;  3)来我国和我校的目的是了解中国学习英语的情况。

3．请参加座谈会的同学随便向他提问有关学习英语的问题。

 注意: 1）词数：110左右。

2）意思连贯，语言表达正确。

3）为表达的需要，可适当增加内容。

 

B. 描写文

(6)

请根据下列提示以第一人称的口吻写一篇自我介绍。要求语句通顺，意思连贯，不可逐句翻译，表达要清楚，词数在100个左右。

提示：某中外合资企业需聘用一名秘书，外方经理需了解应聘者的简历，假如你有意应聘。

1975年生于贵阳，五年前高中毕业当工人，今年年初在一家商店当营业员。

对英语学习颇感兴趣，平时工作极忙，但坚持利用业余时间自学英语，现已能同外宾用英语交谈。

一定能胜任秘书工作，如果被录用（admit），将感到十分荣幸。

 

C. 说明文

(7)

根据下面的提示，写一篇题为《如何进行面试》的短文。

1）  概述面试（interview）重要性。

2）  说明如何进行面试。

3）  万一面试不过，别灰心，应随后仔细寻找问题所在。

注意：词数120字左右。

 

D. 议论文

(8)

请以“如何学好英语”为题，写一篇议论文。主要内容如下：

（1）       要学好英语，应该坚持不断地使用英语。经常听说读写英语，就能不断提高使用英语的能力。

（2）       语法是重要提。它能帮助我们正确理解和使用英语。但语法不是一切。把大部分时间花在语法规则上是不对的。我们学习英语，不是仅仅学习有关英语的知识。

（3）       在开始阶段应十分重视说与听，注意语音语调。听说与读写是密切相关的。听说不好，读写也不会有在的进步。

     全篇词数：120个左右。

 

 

参考答案：

(1)

                                            4 p.m.  June 8th , 2003

Dear Prof. Johnson,

Tomorrow’s meeting will be put off to Friday (2:30 p.m.). Instead, we shall go and visit the Industrial Exhibition of U.K. tomorrow. The school bus will start off from the school gate at 8:00 a.m.

May I borrow your Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English for a few weeks? I am writing my term paper in English now, and I need to refer to the dictionary from time to time. If you can spare it now, please bring it to me tomorrow when you visit the exhibition.

Many thanks.

                                                   Yours ever,

                                                   Zhang Wei

 

(2)

Wednesday,   May 1st  2003                            Fine

Today is May Day, the International Labor Day. It is one of the biggest holidays in China.

In the morning my friends and I took a bus to the East Lake Park. We played all kinds of games there.

At noon, we had our picnic under a big tree. We all took out of favorite food and enjoyed it together. After picnicking, we went boating. It’s wonderful to row a boat in the lake!

When we got out of the boat, we met some foreign friends. We said “Hi” to them, and they greeted us with smiles. We tried to talk with them in English, but they seldom gave response. Later we found they were Russians and could speak only a little English.

 

  (3)

Notice

In order to carry out after-class oral activities and improve the students’ ability to speak English, an English-speaking contest will be held on this Friday, in Lecture-hall (305). Those who are willing too take part may sign with the monitors before Tuesday. Four professors have been invited to work as judge. The first winners will be given awards as an encouragement. All the students are welcome to be present at the contest to cheer the contestants.

                                               The Students’ Union

 

(4)

No. 4 Middle School

Beijing

Editor,

I just revisited the newly-developing town with the name Liujia Valley in the western suburbs of Beijing. I had visited it four years before, but it isn’t what it used to be.

Now great changes have taken place in the Liujia Valley. The streets are wide. Many a building has been built up on both sides of the streets. There are factories everywhere. But to my great disappointment, trees on the hill have been cut down, the water in the river has turned black and there were not any fish in it.

Can we live a better life at the cost of polluting the surroundings? Should we stop the pollution to keep a sustained development or let the pollution be?

                                                         Li Hua

 

(5)

Ladies and Gentlemen,

It gives us great pleasure to get together with our honorable guest from England.

First of all, I would like to introduce your guest, Louie Alexander. He is a famous English professor. And he is the writer of the English textbook New Concept English, which is well known to us all. Today he is going to have a talk with us and see how we Chinese students study English in middle schools. Now let’s give our warmest welcome to Mr. Alexander.

It’s a good chance for us to have a talk with him. If you have any questions on learning English, please feel free to ask him.

 

(6)

I was born in Guiyang in 1975. After graduation from a senior middle school, I worked as a worker five years ago. I have been a shop assistant since the beginning of this year. I am interested in English. I keep on teaching myself English in my spare time though I am busy. And I can use English as a tool to talk with foreigners now. I am quite sure that I am fit for the job of a secretary. And I will regard it as a great honor to be admitted as a secretary.

 

(7)

               How to Interview for a Job

After people apply for a job advertised in the newspaper or on TV, they will be interviewed by the company personal manager. It is one of the most important parts of successful job hunting, because job interview will finally decide if he or she gets the job.

Then, how to interview for a job? Firstly, you should dress up neatly and fit for the interview situation. Secondly, previous to the interview, you should prepare for it carefully: your resume, your answer and your behavior during the talking. Thirdly, you must pay attention to the eye contact and be self-confident. Lastly, you will have to listen more and talk less.

Maybe after the job interview, you can not get the job. Don’t lose your heart and try to go over the details of the job interview and find the problem. Then next time, you will create a favorable impression on the interviewer.

 

(8)

We should keep on using English if we want to learn English well. If we often do listening, speaking, reading and writing, we will improve our ability to use the language greatly.

Grammar is important. It helps us understand and use English freely. But grammar is not everything. It is not a good way to spend most of our time on grammar. We are learning English, and we are not learning about English.

At the beginning of our English study, we should pay more attention to listening and speaking. Try to have good intonation and pronunciation. Listening and speaking are closely connected with reading and writing. You cannot read and write well unless you are good at listening and speaking.