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高考英语常用词汇辨析500例

[日期:2007-05-23] 来源:英语坊  作者:收藏到QQ书签 [字体: ]

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◆ prefer…to…;prefer to… rather than… ◇ 两个动词短语均可作“喜欢……而不喜欢……”或“宁愿……而不愿……”解,其后均可接名词。例如: I prefer volleyball to basketball(=I prefer to volleyball rather than basketball). 我喜欢排球而不喜欢篮球。 ◇ 主要区别在于:prefer…to…之后接动词时,均用-ing形式。例如: He prefers walking to cycling. 他宁愿步行而不愿骑自行车。 ◇ 而prefer to…rather than…之后接动词时,均要用动词原形。例如: Liu Hulan preferred to die rather than surrender before the enemy. 刘胡兰在敌人面前宁死不屈。 Xiao Wu prefers to work rather than sit idle. 小吴喜欢工作而不喜欢闲坐。   

◆ prepare;prepare for;prepare…for;be prepared for;be(get)ready

◇ prepare sth.意为“准备某事”强调准备的过程或动作,宾语必须是这一动作的直接承受者;另有“配置、调制”之意。

◇ prepare for意为“为……作准备”,for后面的宾语是准备的目的,即所要应付的情况。

◇ prepare sth.for意为“为……做好准备”。

◇ be prepared for强调准备好的状态。

◇ be(get)ready意为“准备好”,着重指准备的结果。be(get)ready to do还有“乐于干……”的意思。

  [EXERCISES]

1.We ____ the mid-term examination.

2.Wheat can be ____ in many different ways.

3.The students ____ their lessons ____ the exam.

4.Can you ____ your future job?

5.He ____ always ____ to help others.

6.Miss Li said,“Everyone should ____ before class.”

7.Mother ____ lunch in the kitchen.

ANSWER: 1.are preparing for   2.prepared   3.are preparing…for   4.be prepared for
5.is…ready   6.be ready    7.is preparing

◆ prize;medal ◇ prize是表示“奖品”或“奖(彩)金”之意。例如: Einstein won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921. 1921年,爱因斯坦获得了诺贝尔物理奖。 She took the first prize for her singing. 她获得了唱歌一等奖。 ◇ 而medal是指“奖牌(章)”或“勋章”。例如: Carl Lew is won four gold medals. 卡尔•刘易斯夺得四块金牌。 A medal was given to the brave fighter. 勋章授给了那位英勇的战士。

◆ put; place; lay 三个词都能作“放”解,细微的差别在于: ◇ put常指把某物弄到某个地方,并把它留在那里。如:

Please put the umbrella behind the door.请把伞放在门后。

◇ place主要指把东西放在一定的位置上。如:

She placed the table in the middle of the room.她把桌子放在房间的中央。

◇ lay常指把某物平放在某处。如:

She laid the table for lunch.她摆好桌子准备吃饭。

*注意下面几个动词的词形、词性及意义的区别。如: ü  lie (vi).-lied-lied-lying 撒谎。如:

He has lied since his childhood.他从小就一直撒谎。

ü  lie(vi.) lay-lain-lying 躺;位于。如:

He lay on the floor, reading a book.他躺在地板上看书。

ü  lay (vt.) laid-laid-laying 放;搁。如:

He laid the book on the table.他把书放在桌子上。

Q

◆ quiet; silent; still ◇ quiet意为“安静的、寂静的”。用于自然环境,指没有活动、喧闹的寂静状态;指人时,表示生性安静、不易激动。如:

Be quiet.Your father is sleeping now.安静点,你爸爸正在睡觉呢。

Jane was a quiet girl.简是个天性好静的女孩。

◇ silent意为“寂静的、沉默的”,表示不说话、不弄出声响,但不一定指没有活动。如:

He always keeps silent when the teacher questions him. 老师向他提问时,他总是保持沉默。

The class was silent as the teacher explained the exam rules. 当老师解释考规时教室里寂静无声。

◇ still意为“安静的、不动的”,不指心理状态,而指环境和人表面上无动作的平静状态。如:

Stand still while I take your photo.站着别动,我给你拍照。

R

◆ raise; keep; support; feed 这四个词都有“抚养”、“养家”、“赡养”的意思,但也有区别。

◇ raise意为“抚养(指人);饲养(指动物或禽畜)”之意。如:

He raised the children himself;his wife died years ago.

他的妻子多年以前就去世了,他一手把孩子拉扯大。

He raised those goats from new-born kids.那些羊从小羊羔时就是他喂养的。

◇ keep表示“养活(指人);饲养(指动物或禽畜)”。如:

John has his wife and six children to keep(support).约翰要养活妻子和六个孩子。

They kept some hens and pigs.他们养了一些鸡和猪。

◇  support意为“养活”,不用于饲养动物。如:

She supports her old mother.她赡养老母亲。

He has a large family to support.他要养活一大家子。

◇ feed意为“喂养 ;饲养;以……为食”。如:

Have you fed the baby/cow yet?婴儿/牛喂了吗?

She fed meat to her dog. =She fed her dog with/on meat.她用肉喂狗。

Foxes feed on small animals.狐狸以小动物为食。

 ◆ rather than/would rather(…than)◇ rather than是连词,前后两端所连的词性是一致的,通常译为“而不是”或“与其说是……不如说是”,有时可用短语介词instead of替代。例如:    He was writing a letter rather than=(instead of)reading the newspaper.他那时正在写信而不在看报纸。    John should go rather than=(instead of)Jean.应该去的是约翰,而不是简。       These shoes are comfortable rather than pretty.这些鞋子谈不上漂亮,但穿起来倒很舒服。    Evans is a doctor rather than a teacher.与其说埃文斯是个老师,不如说是个医生。◇ would rather表示选择或主观上的愿望,其中的would亦可理解为had。它表示“宁愿、宁可”的意思。如果要把取舍的双方都表达出来,则应该用would(or:had)rather…than,表示“宁愿……也不……”的意思。例如:      My aunt invited me to the film, but I said I'd rather go on a picnic with the girls.       我的姑妈邀请我去看电影,可是我说我倒愿意跟女孩子们一起去野餐。       I am sure they would(or:had)rather die than give up.我深信他们一定会宁死不屈。

 ◆ refer to; refer…to ◇ refer to意为①“谈及”,“提到”;②“查阅”,“参考”。如:

You are the very person I referred to just now.你正是我刚才所指的人。

Please refer to the map of the city when you first drive here. 当你第一次在这儿驾驶时,请参看市政地图。

◇ refer…to意为①“把……提交给”,“把……归功于”②“让……处理/查找”,可用于被动语态。如:

The dispute was referred to the United Nations.争端被提交联合国解决。

He referred me to the notes.他建议我参看一下注释。

We referred our great development to the correct leadership of the Party.

我们把我们所取得的巨大发展归功于党的正确领导。

◆ reply;answer

◇ 二者均可表示“回答”,可作名词和动词。answer 为一般用语,主要用于对问题、指责等的回答;reply的用法较正式,多用于对问题作出解释、辩论或陈述性回答。二者作名词时都指“……的答案或答复”,均与 to 连用。例如:

      Answer this question.    回答这个问题。

      I asked her the reason, but she didn’t reply.   我问她为什么,她却不回答。

     I received no reply / answer to my request.   我的要求没有收到任何答复。

◇ answer 后面可直接跟宾语,而reply 跟宾语时须与 to 连用;answer 可表示对电话、敲门等作出的“应答”,reply 则不能。例如:

     You must reply to/answer this letter right away. 你应当马上回复这封信。

     Who answered the telephone? 谁接的电话?

◇ 如果是指练习题的“答案”,一般用 answer。例如:

      The answer to 6×10 is 60.   6乘以10 的答案是60。

◆ reporter; journalist ◇ reporter=news reporter“新闻记者”,特指外出采访的记者。◇ journalist“记者”泛指新闻工作者,如报纸的编辑、采访记者、摄影记者都可以叫journalist。

 ◆ road/street/way/path◇ road意为“路”,“道路”,指供车辆或人通过的广阔平坦的大道,常指“公路”,“马路”等,两侧一般没有建筑物。例如:    Jim and Li Lei meet on the road.吉姆和李雷在路上相遇。    The car is running along the road.汽车沿着这条路行驶。◇ street指城镇、乡村两旁有建筑物的“街道”。“在街上”可以说on the street,也可以说in the street,前者是美国英语,后者是英国英语。例如:    Go along the street,and take the third turning on the right.沿着大街走,在第三个路口往右拐。    There are many shops in the street. 街上有许多商店。◇ way意为“道路”,指street,road或任何可以通行的路,含义较抽象。口语中问路时常用way。way还可指路程距离。例如: How can I get there? I don't know the way. 我怎么能到达那里?我不知道路。       I asked the way to the station.我打听去车站的路。       It was a long way from here. 它离这儿很远。◇ path通常指“小路、小径”,只供人行走的路,可以是人们践踏而成的路,如山中、林间的羊肠小道;也可以指公园、田间的小路,还可以指供人或事物移动的“路线”等。例如:    They walked along the path across the field.他们沿着穿越田野的路走去。 

◆ room;place;space

◇ room有两层含义,一为“房间”,是可数名词;二表示人或物体所占的“空间或场所”、处事的“余地”等意思,是不可数名词,可用little,much,no,plenty等词修饰。可构成make room for给……让出地方;take up room占地方;leave room for留出空间给……等短语。

◇ place指人们从事各种活动的“地方,场所,位置”,是可数名词,常用的短语有take one’s place就坐,入席;in place在适当的位置。

space意为“空间”,是不可数名词,表示万物存在之处;作“空隙、空白”解时,是可数名词。

 [EXERCISES]

1.There isn’t ____ in the classroom for thirty desks.

2.Wuhan’s a hot ____ in summer.

3.There is ____ in improvement in your work.

ANSWER: 1.space/room  2.place  3.room

◆ run away/run after/ run through◇ run away意为“逃走;逃跑;溜掉”等。◇ run after意为“追赶;追逐;寻找;搜寻”等。◇ run through意为“穿过;流过”等。

[EXERCISES]

①The dog       the hare(野兔)now.  ②The river       the village.  ③When the policeman arrived,the thief       .  (Keys:①is running after ②runs through ③had run away)

◆ run out; run out of ◇ run out of表示“某人用完某物”,相当于及物动词,后面可接宾语,并可用于进行时。如: We are running out of fuel.我们的燃料快用完了。 ◇ 2run out指“某物用完了”,为不及物动词,不能用于被动语态。如: The fuel was rapidly running out.燃料很快就要用完了。 Time is running out.时间快到了。

S

◆ satisfaction; content

◇ satisfaction“满足”,为名词,指达到希望时所感觉到的较强的满足感,其形容词为satisfactory(指事物,不可用人作主语)或satisfied(可用人作主语)。例如:

His success gave me great satisfaction. 他的成功令我非常满意。 Your work is satisfactory. 你的工作令人满意。 I am satisfied at your success. 我对你的成功感到满意。

◇ content“满足”,为普通用语,语气较弱,其要求值不高,一般的事情只要过得去或没有什么不满就算content,可作名词或形容词(可用人作主语)。例如:

He takes content in nothing. 他这人从不知足。 He takes content in everything. 他这人容易满足。 He is content to live in the countryside. 他满足于住在乡下。

◆ search;search for; search…for;in search of

◇        search  vt.search sb.搜某人的身;search a place 搜某个地方。如:

The policeman is searching a thief.那警察正在搜小偷的身。

◇  search for sb./sth.搜寻、寻找某人、某物。如:

They searched for that man everywhere.他们到处寻找那个人。

◇  search…for sb./sth.搜……寻找某人、某物。如:

They searched the woods for a lost child.他们在树林里搜寻一个丢失的孩子。

◇  insearch of中的search为名词,意为“寻找;寻求”。如:

They went to Australia in search of gold.他们去澳大利亚寻找金子。

◆ search; search for; look for ◇ search用作及物动词,后跟“人”时,意为“搜身”;后跟地点名词时,表示“对某地进行搜查”。也可在宾语后加for短语,表示搜查具体目标。如: The policemen searched everyone at the party. 警察对参加聚会的每个人都进行了搜身。 The enemy searched the mountain for the Red Army, but they failed. 敌人在山上搜寻红军,但没找到。 ◇ search for意为“寻找”,可视为是search...for的省略式,此时search为不及物动词。如: She searched for her lost cat everywhere,but failed. 她到处寻找走失的猫,但没找到。 ◇ 另外,search用作名词,常构成短语:in one’s search for相当于in search of, 后者search前不用冠词或人称代词。如: They went out in their search for food.=They went out in search of food.他们外出寻找食物。◇ look for意为“寻找”,但没有search for注意力集中,地点名词不可直接跟在look后作宾语,其前需加介词。如: What are you looking for on the playground﹖ 你在操场上找什么呢?

◆ set up;set out;set off;set about

◇ set up 建立政权、组织、国家等。如:

The government has set up a working party to look into the problem of drug abuse.

政府已成立工作组调查毒品泛滥问题。

◇  set out 出发;动身。如:

They set out for Beijing yesterday.他们昨天动身去北京。(此种情况下out可用off替换)。

◇ set out to do sth.开始做某事。如:

She set out to break the world land speed record.她决心打破陆上速度的世界纪录。

◇ set off使(地雷、炸弹)等爆炸。如:

Do be careful with those fireworks; the slightest spark could set them off.

要格外小心这些烟火,稍有火星就会引起爆炸。

◇ set sb.off doing sth.使某人开始干某事。如: 

Her imitations always set us off laughing.她模仿别人的动作,每次都把我们逗笑。

◇  set about用于set about sth./doing sth.结构中,表示开始做某事,着手干某事。如:

The new government must set about finding solutions to the country's economic problems.

新政府必须立即找出解决国家经济问题的办法。

◆ so/such◇ 两者都可以表示“如此”、“这样”。so是副词,用来修饰形容词或副词;such是形容词,用来修饰名词,如果修饰单数可数名词(名词前常有形容词修饰),其后需加不定冠词a或an,即把不定冠词置于such的后面,形容词的前面。

例如:He writes so well.他字写得这么好。

        He told us such a funny story.他给我们讲了一个很有趣的故事。

◇ 另外,当名词前有many,much,few,little等词修饰时,用so,不用such;当单数可数名词前有形容词修饰时,也可以用so,但要调整冠词的位置,即冠词置于形容词之后,单数可数名词前。例如:

They made so much noise,our teacher got angry.他们吵得这么历害,老师生气了。

It's so cold a day to day.(=It's such a cold day today.)今天是这么寒冷的一天。

 ◆ so as to; in order to; so…as to ◇ so as to与in order to二者均表示“以便;为了”,后接动词不定式作目的状语,可以换用;但so as to引导的目的状语不能置于句首,而in order to则可以。如: He stopped working in order to/so as to take a rest.他停止工作以便休息。 In order to make a living, he had to work day and night.为了谋生,他不得不日夜工作。 ◇ “so+形容词/副词+as to”的意思是“如此的……以致于”,引导表示结果的状语。如: He ran so fast as to get a pain in his side.他跑得太快,结果导致腹侧疼痛。

◆ sometimes/sometime/some time ◇ sometimes是个频度副词,意为“有时”,表示动作发生的不经常性,常与一般现在时或一般过去时连用。如:

Sometimes I have lunch at school.有时我在学校吃午饭。

◇ sometime是个副词,意为“某时”,指时间上不确定的某一点,常用于过去时或将来时。如:

I saw him sometime in July.七月有一天我曾见到过他。

◇ some time是个名词短语,意思是“一段时间”,在句中常与for,take等词连用。如:

I'll stay here for some time. 我将在这儿呆一段时间。

◆ sow;plant;grow

◇ sow意为“播、撒、播种、种”,其后跟(the)seeds或“植物(结成种状的)”。如: 

It’s time to sow wheat now. 现在该种小麦了。

Don’t sow the seeds of hatred. 请不要撒下仇恨的种子。(比喻用法)

◇ plant意为“栽、插、移植”,其后跟作物(多为苗状的)。如:

He plants rice fastest in the village. 他在那个村子里插秧的速度最快。

The garden was planted with Chinese roses.  园子里栽上了月季。

◇ grow作及物动词时,意为“种植、培植”,后接宾语(不表明种状还是苗状,强调种植后的栽培及管理过程);作不及物动词时,意为“生长、发育”;作系动词时,意为“变得”。如:

They can only grow potatoes in the fields. 他们只能在地里种土豆。

It grows up straight and thin.  它长得又直又细。

It began to grow dark.  天渐渐黑了。

 ◆ spend/take/pay ◇ spend“花费”常用于 Sb.spend(s)some money(time)on sth.或 Sb.spend(s)some money(time)(in)doing sth.其主语一般是人。

如:He spent 20 yuan on the pen.他花了20元钱买了这支钢笔。

I spent a week(in)finishing reading the book.我花了一周时间读完这本书。

◇ take常用于占用或花费“时间”,其句型为:Sth.takes sb.time 或 It takes sb.time to do sth.

如:The work will take us two hours.这项工作将花费我们两小时。

  It took me three days to travel to Beijing.我在北京旅游了三天。

◇ pay“付款、给……报酬”,它可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。pay常用于以下几种句型:①Sb.pay(s)sb.money意为“某人付款给另一个人或某人给另一个人多少报酬”。

如:He pays me fifty yuan a week.他每周给我五十元的报酬。

②pay for sth.意为“付……款、给……报酬”。

如:He has paid for the meal.他已付了那顿饭的钱。

③pay money for sth.意为“花多少钱买某物”。

如:My father paid 40 pounds for the desk.我父亲花了40英磅买了这张书桌。

 ◆ step/walk ◇ 这两个词都与“走、步行”有关,它们都可以作动词或名词。step多用来指“短步,台步或急步”,而walk多用来表示“漫步,散步或稳步”。

如:作动词The young man stepped into the house.那位年轻人走进房子里。(表示走的动作短、急)

The young man walked into the house.那位年轻人走进房子里。(表示走的动作慢、稳)

作名词 We heard his steps of coming home.我们听到了他回家的脚步声。(表示脚步声)

Let's have(take)a walk,shall we?咱们散散步,好吗?(表示四处走动走动)

 ◆ steady;firm

◇ firm常译为“坚固的”,“坚决的”,表示具体的事物地位牢固不易动摇;也可表示意志、信仰的“坚定”。如:

We must stop people walking on this floor until it is firm. 我们一定不能让人在这地板上走动,要等地板牢固了才行。 Our friendship is as firm as a rock. 我们的友谊坚如磐石。

◇ steady则意为“稳固的”,“扎实的”,强调保持平衡不动摇,如指有形物,则指根基的稳固;也可用于指运动中的平稳。如:

It is hard to hold a steady position on the beam. 在平衡木上保持平衡是很困难的。 He is making steady progress.他正取得稳步的进步。 

◆ stop/pause/end  三者都表示“停止”,都可作动词用。◇ stop后跟to do时,表示停下来去做另一件事;后跟doing时,表示停止正在做的事情。如:    He stopped to greet us. 他停下来向我们打招呼。  I have stopped smoking. 我已戒烟了。◇ pause含有“休、止”之义,强调“中止”。如:◇ end多指“自然的结束”。如:    The book ends on page 364. 该书在第364页结束。

◆ struggle; fight ◇ fight意为“打仗,战斗,和……作斗争”。常构成词组:fight for为……而战;fight against为反对……而斗争;fight with和……一起战斗。如:

Lincoln fought hard for freedom of all people.林肯为全民的自由而奋斗。

Some countries who fought with each other in World War II fought against each other in the Cold War.

有些在二战中并肩作战的国家在冷战中却互相进行争斗。

◇ struggle意为“挣扎”,也可指“斗争”,与fight相比,斗争更为费力,处境更难。struggle against和(同)……斗争;         struggle for为……斗争。如:

The Canadians struggled all through the years with us against the Japanese.

那些加拿大人那些年一直和我们一起同日本人斗争。

The book is about their struggle for liberation. 这本书写的是他们为解放而作的斗争。

 ◆ supply; provide

两者均可表示“供应;供给”,指对于缺乏或不足的事物进行补充或供给,用法如下:

◇ supply常与to/for或with连用,其结构是:supply sth.to/for sb.或supply sb.with sth.。例如:

They supply food to/for the survivors.=They supply the survivors with food.他们供应食物给幸存者。

◇ provide常与for或with连用,其结构是:provide sth.for sb.或provide sb.with sth.。例如:

He provides food and clothes for his family.=He provides his family with food and clothes.他给家人提供衣食。

T

◆ take along; take care of; take place; take out

1) Miss Wang ___ a handkerchief and blew her nose.

2) Mr Zhang ___ some of his pictures in the hope of getting a job there.

3) Since 1996, great changes ___ in our school.

4) My grandmother was ill.I must stay at home to ___ her.

析: ①took out。表示“拿出;掏出”。 ②took along。表示“携带;随身带着”,其中along是副词。 ③have taken place。表示“发生”,相当于一不及物动词,无被动语态。 ④take care of。表示“照料;照管;照顾”。

◆ tell ... from; tell ... between

◇ 二者均为习惯用法:tell A from B意为“区分A和B”,也可以说成tell the difference between A and B。如:

Can you tell American English from British English﹖  你能分辨出美国英语和英国英语吗?

To tell the truth, I really can’t tell the differences between the Maori and American Indians. 

老实说,我真的分不清毛利人和印第安人。

◆ the same as;the same that ◇ the same as是表示“相似或同一类的人和事”之意。例如: Many of the sports were the same as they are now. 过去的很多体育项目和现在的一样。 This is the same book as Mr Wang lost. 这本书跟王先生丢失的那本一模一样。 ◇ 而the same that作“同一个人或同一件事”解。例如: This is the same book that Mr Wang lost. 这本书就是王先生丢失的那本书。 That is the same bike that I lost. 那辆自行车就是我丢失的那辆。

◆ think of/think about/think over ◇ 这三个词组都与“想”有关,但所表达的含义有所不同。 ◇ think of多用来指“想起,认为”。

如:Last night,before I went to bed,I thought of my parents.昨晚我睡觉前,想起了我的父母。

What do you think of that book?你认为那本书怎么样?

◇ think about 多用来指“考虑某事情或对某事进行思考”。

如:Think about what you have done!想想你所做的这一切吧!

◇ think over意思是“仔细考虑,认真思考”。

如:Before you answer this question,please think it over.在回答这个问题之前,请认真考虑一下。

 ◆ this kind of, of this kind ◇ 二者都表示“这种……”,但“this kind of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的数常与kind保持一致;“名词+of this kind”作主语时,谓语动词的数常与该名词保持一致。如: This kind of actress is easy to find but directors of this kind are scarce. 这种女演员不难找,可是这种导演却不多见。

◆ though;although;as ◇ 这三个词都可以表示“虽然”、“尽管”。though和although引导让步状语从句时,常可互换,只是although的语气更强一些。如:

Though/Although it was late,the farmers kept on harvesting the crops by the lights of the tractors.

◇ 此外,though可以用于省略句,although很少这样用though引导的从句可以部分倒装,although引导的从句不用倒装语序。如:

Though poor, he is always neatly dressed.

Poor though I am, I can afford it.

◇ as表示“虽然”、“尽管”引导让步状语从句时,从句要用倒装语序,将表语、状语等置于句首。

Tired as he was, he went on working with his workmates.

Child as he is, he knows a lot about the computer.

注意:as引导让步状语从句时,若充当表语的名词位于句首,则该名词前面不用冠词。

◆ through; over; across; into

1) The PLA man jumped ___ the water to save the boy.

2) The highway goes under the river ___ the tunnel.

3) There is a bridge ___ the river.

4) The ship sailed ___ the Atlantic.

5) The students walked ___ the gate with Mr Liu.

析: ①into。意为“进入;到……里”,含动作方向为由外向里之意。 ⑤through。意为“通过;穿过”,侧重于指从物体的中间穿过。 ③over。此处意为“(位置)横跨;在……上面”,表示动作时为“越过……”之意。 ④across。意为“横过;穿过”,一般指从房间、原野、海洋等一端横越到另一端或两个动作方向成十字交叉状。  

◆ trip;journey;travel;tour

◇ trip是非正式用语,指短时间内往返的商业旅行或观光旅行。如:

We went on a pleasant trip to the nearest seaside during our vacation.

在假期里我们到最近的海滨作了一次愉快的旅行。

◇ journey常指由某一地点到另一地点的旅行,也指旅行的路程,是比较正式的用语。如:

He made a long journey from Beijing to London. 他从北京到伦敦做了一次长途旅行。

◇ travel泛指旅行、游历,是最为普通的用语,但无路程的含义。如:

He came home after five years of travel. 五年的旅行后,他回到家中。

◇ tour常指访问多处的观光旅行,常指周游后回到原出发地之意。如:

Confucius began to make his tour among the states. 孔夫子开始周游列国。

◆ try on; try out

◇ try on指“试穿(衣服、鞋子)”及“试戴(帽子)”等,其中的on为副词,当宾语是代词时,该宾语要放在on之前;如果宾语是名词,该宾语放在on之前或之后均可。例如:

try on a coat=try a coat on  试穿衣服 The new hat is for you.Please try it on. 这新帽子是给你的,请试试看。

◇  try out指“试验或试用”某种机器、理论或方法,其中的out为副词,当宾语是代词时,try out要分开用。例如:

We tried out this new crop on a large area last year. 去年我们大面积试种这种新庄稼。 I'll try it out and see if it works. 我来试试看能否行得通。

U

◆ used to; be used to; get used to ◇ used to意为“过去常常(做某事)”,后接动词原形。常用来表示今昔对比,含“(现在)已不那样做了”之意。如:

She used to work hard.她过去工作很努力。(暗指现在工作不努力了。)

◇ be used to 有两个含义:①“被用来做某事”,后接动词原形。②“习惯于;适应”,后接名词、代词或v-ing,表示一种状态。如:

Computers are used to do many things for people now. 现在计算机被用来做许多事情。

He is used to hard work.     他现在习惯于艰苦的工作。

She isn’t used to living in the countryside now. 她不习惯在乡下生活。

◇ get used to 意为“习惯于”,表示一个动作,含“由不适应向适应的转变”,其后接名词、代词或v-ing。如: You’ll soon get used to the weather here.你很快就会适应这儿的天气。

V

◆ vast; huge

    两者都是形容词,意思是“巨大的、庞大的”。 在强调面积和范围的宽广或博大时,用vast;指体积或容量等方面“巨大、超过一般标准”时,用huge。如:

    This area is covered in vast forests. 这个地区被一片广阔无垠的森林覆盖。

     That’s a huge ship. 那艘船好大。

◆ very; right; just   三者都含有“正好;就是”之意,◇ very是形容词,用来修饰名词,位于the, this,my等限定词后;◇ right和just作副词,用来修饰谓语(常为动词be)或作状语的介词短语等,须放在the, this,my等限定词之前。如:

At the very beginning of this term, they took an exam. 就在学期开始的时候,他们举行了一次考试。

He is just the actor I want.他正是我所想要的演员。

The police looked at the thief right in the eye.警察目不转睛地盯着小偷。

W

◆ wash/wash away◇ wash表示“洗(手、衣服等)”,既可作及物动词,又可作不及物动词;◇ wash away表示“冲走”、“冲垮”、“洗掉”,作及物动词短语用。

[EXERCISES]

①The flood       some of the houses in the village.  ②He       his face and hands,then went downstairs.  ③You must       before dinner.  (Keys: ①washed away ②washed ③wash)    

◆ wear;have on;put on;dress;(be)in+颜色(服装、眼镜等)

◇ wear主要用于穿衣服、戴眼镜(手套、首饰、帽)等,以强调“穿(戴)着”的状态。例如:

Mr Wu always wears a blue coat in winter. 吴老师冬天总是穿着一件蓝色大衣。

◇ have on作“穿(戴)着”解,同wear一样,也表状态,但不用于进行时态。例如:

Xiao Wang has on a white shirt today.(=Xiao Wang is wearing a white shirt today.)

小王今天穿着一件白衬衫。

◇ put on着重强调“穿(戴)上”的动作。例如:

I like to put on my hat when I go out in winter. 冬天,我喜欢外出时戴上帽子。

◇ dress既可作及物动词,又可作不及物动词,所接宾语是人而不是衣、帽等物。例如:

1)Her mother is dressing her. 她母亲正在给她穿衣服。

2)The nurses are dressed in white. 护士穿着白衣服。

◇     “(be)in+颜色或服装、眼镜等”也表示“穿着”的状态,在句中作表语或定语。例如:

He is in uniform  today. 他今天穿着制服。

◆ work on/work at ◇ work on表示“从事”、“创作”、“进行”,后面接名词、代词或V-ing,强调做具体的事;还可表示“继续工作”、“努力说服”,既可作及物动词短语用,又可作不及物动词短语用。例如:

Miss Liu is working on a new book.刘老师正在写一部新书。

We'll work on till midnight.我们将继续工作到午夜。

◇ work at表示“致力于”、“从事于”、“研究”、“学习”,后面接名词、代词或V-ing,强调把时间和精力等用在某一方面的事情上,侧重于说明所从事的工作性质。例如:

Mr.Zhang is working at a new invention.张先生正从事于一项新的发明。

He has worked at this subject for many years.他研究这门学科已经好多年了。

◆ would do sth.; used to do sth.

这两个短语都可以表示“过去经常做某事”,但区别是:

◇ would do sth.表示过去某一段时间内习惯性的行为、活动;

used to do sth.在时间上主要是同现在对比,暗含“现在已不这样了”的意思;其后既可接表示动作的动词,也可接表示认知或状态的动词。



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