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牛津实用英语语法:动词+介词/副词的组合

[日期:2007-10-12] 来源:  作者: [字体: ]


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account

account for

tr)(为某事)给出充分的理由,圆满地解释(某种行为或某项支出),做出交代:

A treasurer must account for the money he spends

财务负责人必须对他支付的款项做出交代。

He has behavd in the most extraordinary wayI cant account for hisactions at allI cant account for his behaving like that

他的行为极为奇怪,我完全无法解释他的行动/我无法为他那样的举动做出解释。

allow

allow fortr)预先为某事留有余地,考虑到(常指某种额外的需要、支出、耽搁等):

It is 800 kilometres and I drive at 100 kph., so Ill be there in eighthours

But youll have to allow for delays going through towns and for stopsfor refuelling

—距离是800公里,而我的车速是每小时100公里,因此我八小时后可以到那里。

—可是你得把通过市镇和停车加油所耽搁的时间考虑进去。

Allowing for depreciation your car should be worth2000 this timenext year

如果考虑到折旧,你的车明年此时应当值2000英镑。

answer

answer backintr),answer somebody back反驳别人的责难,回嘴顶撞:

FatherWhy were you so late last night You werent in till2 am

父亲:你昨晚回家为什么这么晚?你直到凌晨两点钟才回来。

SonYou should have been asleep

儿子:那时候你本该睡着了。

FatherDont answer me backAnswer my question

父亲:别跟我顶嘴。回答我的问题。

ask

ask after/for somebody 探询有关……的信息,(向第三者)问某人健康如何:

I met Tom at the partyhe asked after you

我在聚会上遇见了汤姆;他问你好。(问你健康如何/问你过得怎么样)

ask for

a)寻找某人并想和他/她说话,要求见到某人:

Go to the office and ask for my secretary

到办公室去,找我的秘书。

b)要求,索要:

The men asked for more pay and shorter hours

工人们要求增加工资,减少工时。

ask someone in(宾语在in之前)请某人进来:

He didnt ask me inhe kept me standing at the door while he read the message

他没有让我进去;他径自看那张条子,让我站在门口等着。

ask someone out(宾语在out之前)请某人出去参加娱乐活动或吃饭(特别是在公众地方吃饭):

She had a lot of friends and was usually asked out in the eveningsso she seldom spent an evening at home

她有很多朋友,晚上常被邀请外出,因此她晚上很少在家里呆着。

back

back awayintr)慢慢地退回去(因为遇到某种危险或不愉快的事):

When he took a gun out everyone backd away nervously

他拿出枪来时,大家都紧张地向后退去。

back outintr)退出(某事先已同意的联合行动),停止或拒绝给予所允诺的帮助或支持:

He agreed to help but backed out when he found how difficult it was

他本来同意给予帮助的,但在发现事情有多么困难之后就打退堂鼓了。

back somebody up从道义上或行动上支持:

The headmaster never backed up his staff.(backed them upIf a parentcomplained about a teacher he assumed that the teacher was in thewrong

校长从来不给教员们撑腰。凡是有家长给老师提意见时,他总是认为一定是老师不对。

be

be againsttr)反对(常带动名词):

Im for doing nothing till the police arrive./Im against doing anythingtill the police arrive

我赞成在警察来到以前不采取行动。/我反对在警察到来以前采取任何行动。

be awayintr)(至少有一个晚上)不在家,不在某地

be backintr)在长期或短暂地离开之后回到原地:

I want to see Mrs PittIs she in

NoIm afraid shes out at the moment./NoIm afraid shes awayfor the weekend

When will she be back

Shell be back in half an hour/next week

—我想见皮特夫人。她在吗?

—不,恐怕她现在不在。/不,我想她外出度周末了。

—她什么时候回来?

—她半小时后/下周回来。

be fortr)赞成(常带动名词)

be inintr)在家或在某个建筑物内

be in fortr)将要遇上(常跟某种令人不愉快的事):

Did you listen to the weather forecast Im afraid were in for a bumpyflight

你听气象预报没有?恐怕我们这次航班要很颠簸。

If you think that the work is going to be easy youre in for a shock

如果你以为这工作将容易,那么你可要大吃一惊了。

be outintr)短时间不在家/不在某个建筑物里,但并不在外过夜

be overintr)结束:

The storm is over nowwe can go on

暴风雨过去了;我们可以继续走了。

be upintr)起床了:

Dont expect her to answer the doorbell at eight oclock on SundaymorningShe wont be up

星期日早上8点钟时,别指望她听见门铃响会来开门。她那时还没有起床呢。

be up totr)体力或智力足以……(宾语常用it,但也可用动名词):

After his illness the Minister continued in office though he was no longerup to the work/up to doing the work

部长生病后继续任职,但他已力不胜任了。

be up to somethingsome mischiefsome trickno good从事或忙于某种调皮的、不正道的或有害的事/捣鬼:

Dont trust himhe is up to somethingsome trick

别信他;他在搞鬼/在耍诡计。

The boys are very quietI wonder what they are up to

男孩子们无声无息了。我不知他们在捣什么鬼。

注意:这里up to的宾语常是某一很不确定的词语,如上面例句所示。这个习语从来不与某一具体明确的事连用。

it is up to someone(常带动词不定式)此事是某人的职责:

It is up to the government to take action on violence

采取行动对付暴力行为,是政府职责所在。

I have helped you as much as I can Now it is up to you

我已尽我所能地帮助你了。现在该看你自己了。(你得靠自己的努力干下去。)

bear

bear outtr)证实,提供证明:

This report bears out my theory.(bears my theory outbears it out

这报告证实了我的理论。

bear upintr)听到坏消息仍能勇敢支撑,掩饰感情或忧伤:

The news of her death was a great shock to him but he bore up bravely and none of us realized how much he felt it

她故去的消息对他来讲是个打击,但他勇敢地支撑着,我们谁也没意识到他的感受该有多么强烈。

blow

blow outtr)吹熄:

The wind blew out the candle.(blew the candle outblew it out

风吹灭了蜡烛。

blow uptrintr

a)用爆炸的方法毁灭,爆炸,被毁:

They blew up the bridges so that the enemy couldnt follow them.(blew the bridges upblew them up

他们炸毁了桥,好让敌人不能追上他们。

Just as we got to the bridge it blew up

我们刚到桥头,桥就炸掉了。

b)充气,打气,使膨胀:

The children blew up their balloons and threw them into the air.( blew the balloons upblew them up

孩子们把气球吹鼓了,扔向空中。

boil

boil awayintr)(液体)因沸腾而挥发完,熬干:

I put the kettle on the gas ring and then went away and forgot about it

When I returned the water had all boiled away and the flame had burnta hole in the kettle

我把壶放在煤气灶上,然后就走开把这事忘掉了。我回来时,水都烧干了,火把壶底烧出了一个窟窿。

boil overintr)(液体因沸腾而)溢到容器外面:

The milk boiled over and there was a horrible smell of burning

牛奶潽了,烧糊的味道极为难闻。

break

break down a door etc.用强力敲破或撞破:

The firemen had to break down the door to get into the burning house

break the door down/break it down

消防员不得不破门而入以便到着火的房子里边去。

break down figures将一数目分别列在不同项目下以作进一步说明:

You say that 10000 people use this libraryCould you break that downinto age-groups

你说有10000人使用这所图书馆。你能否按年龄组将数字分解一下?(即说出有多少人是25岁以下的,有多少人是50岁以上的等等)

break downintr)由于有缺陷或强度不够而坏掉或不再正常运作:

a)常指人暂时感情支持不住:

He broke down when telling me about his sons tragic death

他向我谈到他儿子惨死的事时,不能自已了。(他失声痛哭了。)

b)指丧失精神上的抵抗力:

At first he refused to admit his guilt but when he was shown the evidencehe broke down and confessed

起初他否认有罪,但给他看证据时,他招架不住而供认了。

c)指身体健康状况严重恶化:

After years of overwork his health broke down and he had to retire

在多年劳累之后,他的身体垮了,只好退休。

d)常指机器坏了:

The car broke down when we were driving through the desert and it tookus two days to repair it

我们驾车横越沙漠时,汽车坏了,花了两天才修好。

e)指交涉或谈判的破裂:

The negotiations broke down because neither side would compromise

因为双方都不肯妥协,谈判破裂了。

break inintr), break intotr

a)用暴力强行进入:

Thieves broke in and stole the silver

窃贼破门而入,偷走了银器。

The house was broken into when the owner was on holiday

屋主外出度假时,有贼破门而入。

b)突然说话打断别人:

I was telling them about my travels when he broke in with a story of hisown

我正在告诉他们我旅途中的事,他忽然插嘴讲起他自己的故事来。

break in  a young horsepony etc.(tr)训练(马等)以供驾驭使用:

You cannot ride or drive a horse safely before he has been broken in

在没有把马训练好以前,不管骑它还是用它驾车都是不安全的。

break offtr/intr)解开,破开,使分裂开或自己破裂开:

He took a bar of chocolate and broke off a bit.(broke a bit off/broke itoff

他拿出一板巧克力,掰下了一小块。

A piece of rock broke off and fell into the pool at the foot of the cliff

一块岩石断裂开,掉到悬崖脚下的池塘里。

break offtr)终止,停止,取消(常跟协议、协商或谈判等):

Ann has broken off her engagement to Tom.(broken her engagement off/broken it off

安已经取消了同汤姆的婚约。

break offintr)突然停止说话,突然住口:

They were in the middle of an argument but broke off when someonecame into the room

他们正争吵不休,但有人进屋时他们突然住口了。

break outintr

a)开始,爆发(常用于诸如战争、流行病、火灾等不好的事):

War broke out on 4 Angust

战争于84日爆发。

b)用暴力方法从监狱等地逃出:

They locked him up in a room but he broke out

他们把他锁在一间屋里,可是他强行逃出了。(砸开门跑掉了)

The police are looking for two men who broke out of prison last night

警方正在搜捕昨天晚上越狱逃跑的两名男子。

break uptrintr)(使)瓦解,(使)解体:

If that ship stays there she will break upshe will be broken up by thewaves

那艘船如果停泊在那里,就会破的/会被浪头打散的。

The old ship was towed away to be broken up and sold as scrap

那艘旧船被拖走以便拆散当废铁卖了。

Divorce breaks up a lot of familiesbreaks families upbreaks them up

离婚拆散了许多家庭。

break upintr)(用于学校的学期、会议、聚会等)散会,放假:

The school broke up on 30 July and all the boys went home for the holi- days

学校在730日放假了,男孩子们都回家度假去了。

The meeting broke up in confusion

会议在一片混乱中散了。

bring

bring someone roundtr;宾语常位于round之前)

a)说服某人接受以前所反对的建议:

After a lot of argument I brought him round to my point of view

在争辩了很久之后,我说服他转念同意了我的看法。

b)使恢复知觉:

She fainted with the pain but a little brandy soon brought her round

她痛得昏厥了,但是一小点白兰地很快使她恢复了知觉。

bring a person or thing roundtr;宾语常位于 round之前)把人或物带到某人的住所去:

I have finished that book that you lent me Ill bring it roundto your housetonight

你借给我的书我已经看完了;我今晚上把它带(到你家里)来。

bring uptr

a)教育培养儿童:

She brought up her children to be truthful.(brought her children upbrought them up

她教导她的孩子们要真诚无欺。

b)提起,谈到:

At the last committee meetingthe treasurer brought up the question of raising the annual subscription.(brought the question upbrought it up

委员会上一次开会时,财务主管提出了提高会员年费的问题。

burn

burn downtrintr)(完全)焚毁(指建筑物):

The mob burnt down the embassy.(burnt the embassy downburnt it down

乱民把大使馆焚毁了。

The hotel burnt down before help came

旅馆在援助到来以前就烧毁了。

call

1 call走访,拜访

call at走访一个地方:

I called at the bank and arranged to transfer some money

我到银行去了一下,安排了款项过户的事宜。

call for到一个地方去取物或接人:

I am going to a pop concert with TomHe is calling for me at eightso I must be ready then

我要和汤姆去听流行歌曲音乐会。他8点钟来接我,因此我必须届时准备好。

Lets leave our suitcases in the left luggage office and call for themlater on when we have the car

咱们可以把行李存放在行李暂存处,等以后有车用时再来取。

call inintr)同 look in和口语化的 drop in意思一样,是来访,来坐坐的意思:

Call inLook in on your way home and tell me how the interviewwent

你回家的路上来看我一下,告诉我面谈进行得如何。

call on拜访某人:

He called on all the housewives in the area and asked them to sign thepetition

他走访了这一地区的所有主妇,要求他们在请愿书上签名。

2 call forinon的其他意思

call fortr)要求,需要(这里的主语常是一个不用来指人的单词或短语,如 the situation形势/this sort of work这种工作/this此事等,宾语则常是一个表示某种性质的词,如 courage勇气/patience耐心/a steady hand稳当不抖的手):

The situation calls for tact

对付这一形势要有策略。

Youve got the job This calls for a celebration

你得到这份工作了!这需要庆祝一下。

但这里也可以用一个用来指人的主语:

The workers are calling for strike action

工人们正要求采取罢工行动。

The relations of the dead men are calling for an inquiry

死者们的亲属要求调查真相。

call in a personcall a person in派人去找某人来/请某人来家服务(send forcall in更显得主语权势大,因此callin是更有礼貌的说法):

It was too late to call in an electriciancall an electrician incall him in

找电工来已太晚了。

There is some mystery about his death the police have been calledin

他的死有点儿蹊跷;已经去找警察来了。

call on somebody(常带动词不定式)要某人做某事/要某人给予帮助(较为正式的提出要求的方式,主要用于正式场合或演讲中,意味着提出要求的人认为所号召的事是另一人的责任):

The president called upon his people to make sacrifices for the good oftheir country

总统号召人民为祖国的利益做出牺牲。

The chairman called on the secretary to read the minutes of the lastmeeting

主席要求秘书朗读上次会议的记录。

3 call的其他词组

call offtr)取消尚未开始的事,放弃已在进行中的事:

They had to call off the match as the ground was too wet to play on

call the match offcall it off

因为场地太湿无法比赛,人们不得不取消这次比赛。

When the fog got thicker the search was called off

雾愈来愈浓了,只得放弃了搜索。

call outtr)召唤某人出来处理外面的事(常用于指部队被召集走出营房对付民众骚乱):

The police couldnt control the mob so troops were called out

警察无法控制乱民,因此出动了军队。

The Fire Brigade was called out several times on the night of 5 November to put out fires started by fireworks

115日晚上,消防队多次奉召出动,以扑灭因燃放焰火而引起的火灾。

Doctors dont much like being called out at night

医生们不太喜欢夜间出诊。

call uptr

a)征去服兵役:

In countries where there is conscription men are called up at the age of eighteen.(call up mencall men upcall them up

在实行征兵制的国家里,18岁的男子要应征服役。

b)给……打电话:

I called Tom up and told him the news.(calld up Tomcalled him up

我给汤姆打电话,把消息告诉他了。

care

not to care abouttr)对……淡漠,不关心……:

The professor said that he was interested only in researchhe didnt really care about students

教授说他只对研究感兴趣;他并不真的关心学生。

care fortr

a)喜欢(很少用于肯定句):

He doent care for films about war

他不喜欢战争影片。

b)照看(除被动态外,较少使用):

The house looked well cared for=had been well looked after/was ingood condition).

房子看起来照管得很好。

carry

carry onintr)继续(常指工作或职责):

I cant carry on alone any longerIll have to get help

我无法再一个人继续下去了;我得找人帮忙。

carry on withtr)与上用法相似:

The doctor told her to carry on with the treatment

医生告诉她应该继续这种疗法。

carry outtr)履行(职责),服从(命令),执行(指令),(把威胁要做的事)付诸行动:

You are not meant to think for yourselfyou are here to carry out my or-ders

你们的职责不是自己思考;叫你们来这里是要你们执行我的命令。

The Water Board carried out their threat to cut off our water supply

自来水公司董事会把他们的威胁付诸行动,停止供应我们水了。(他们威胁要这样做,也真的这样做了。)

He read the instructions but he didnt carry them out

他看了指示,但没有遵照执行。

catch

catch up withtr),catch uptrintr)赶上但没超过:

I started last in the race but I soon caught up with the others.(caught them upcautht up

我在赛跑中最后一个起跑,但不久就赶上了其他人。

Youve missed a whole termyoull have to work hard to catch up withthe rest of the class.(catch them upcatch up

你缺了整整一学期的课,得努力学习以便赶上同班的其他人。

clean

clean outtr a roomcupboarddrawer etc.彻底清理打扫(房间/碗柜/抽屉等):

I must clean out the spare room.(clean the spare room out/clean it out

我得把那间备用房(客房)彻底清扫一下。

clean uptr a mess eg anything spilt清扫(脏物,如撒出的东西):

Clean up any spilt paint.(clean the spilt paint upclean it up

如果有溅出来的油漆,把它收拾干净。

clean upintr)同上用法相同:

These painters always clean up when theyve finished

这几位油漆工完工之后总要把场地打扫干净。

clear

clear awaytr)把物件拿开以便腾出地方:

Could you clear away these papers?(clear these papers awayclear them away

你能不能把这些文件清除开?

clear awayintr)散开:

The clouds soon cleared away and it became quite warm

云很快就散开了,天气变得相当暖和。

clear offintr)走开(指室外) clear outintr)走开(指室内)二者都是口语用法;作为命令时这样说是相当不礼貌的:

You clear off,’ said the farmer angrily.‘Youve no right to put your caravans in my field without even asking my permission.’

“你们给我走开,”农民愤怒地说,“你们没有权利连我的许可都没征得就把住人的大篷车停在我的地里。”

Clear out If I find you in this building againIll report you to the po-lice

走开!你要再到这幢建筑里来,我就将你报警了。

clear outtr)把(房间/碗柜/抽屉等)腾空以便放别的东西:

Ill clear out this drawer and you can put your things in it.( clear this drawer outclear it out

我会把这个抽屉腾空,这样你就能把你的东西放在里面了。

clear upintr)有云或雨后天晴了:

The sky looks a bit cloudy now but I think it will clear up

现在天看来有点阴,但我想天会晴的。

clear uptrintr)收拾整齐干净:

When you are cooking its best to clear up as you goinstead of leaving everything to the end and having a terrible pile of things to deal with

烹调时,最好是边干边收拾,而不要把活留到最后而剩下一大堆东西要打扫收拾。

Clear up this mess.(clear this mess upclear it up

把这堆乱糟糟的东西收拾干净。

clear uptr

a)完成(某种尚待完成的工作):

I have some letters which I must clear up before I leave tonight

有几封信我今天晚上走以前必须写完。

b)侦破(不可思议的怪事、案件等):

In a great many detective stories when the police are baffled an amateurdetective comes along and clears up the mystery.(clears it up

在许多侦探小说中,当警察束手无策时,来了个业余侦探,把案子给破了。

close

close downtr/intr)永远关闭,停业(指商店或买卖等):

Trade was so bad that many small shops closed down and big shops closedsome of their branches down.(closed down some branches/closed themdown

市面很差,许多小店停业了,大商店也关了一些分店。

close inintr)逼近,从四面凑近(常用于雾、夜色、敌人等):

As the mist was closing in we decided to stay where we were

由于雾越来越逼近,我们决定留在原地不动。

close upintr)缩小间距(指一行人):

If you children closed up a bit thered be room for another one on thisseat

你们几个孩子要是挤一挤,这座位上还能加一个人。

come

come acrossupontr)碰巧发现,碰巧找到:

When I was looking for my passport I came across these old photographs

我在找护照时碰巧找到了这些旧相片。

come along/onintr)和我一起来,陪伴我去(常用来敦促犹豫不决的人或拖拖拉拉的人):

Come onor well be late

快点,否则我们要迟到了。