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【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
●pollution n. 污染
●overpopulated adj. 人口多的
●over-industrialized adj. 过度工业化的
●sheer adj. 纯粹的，不掺杂的
●worldwide adv. 在全世界
●overwhelm v. 制服，使不知所措
●pollute v. 污染
●pesticide n. 杀虫剂
●fertilizer n. 肥料
●salmonella n. 沙门氏菌
●listeia n. 利斯特杆菌
●vegetarian n. 吃素的人
●organically-grown adj. 有机培植的（不施化肥和其他化学品培植）
●insidious adj. 暗中为害的
●urban adj. 城市的
●burglar n. 窃贼
●burgle v. 入室偷窃
●scream v. 尖叫
●profound adj. 极度的
●irritation n. 烦躁
●incessantly adv. 连续不断地
●whine v. 发呜呜声
●helicopter n. 直升飞机
●maximum adj. 最大的
●technology n. 技术
●contribution n. 贡献
●mobile adj. 可移动的
●snore v. 打鼾
●offender n. 冒犯者
●staggering adj. 令人惊愕的
●trumpet v. 吹号
●partner n. 伙伴
◆pollution n. 污染
More and more water is been pollution.
Pollution is the major problem we are faced with.
pollute
polluted
pollution
polluter 污染源
Eg: Gases from cars are one of the polluters of air pollution.
contaminate
taint
defile
pollute
poison
◆overpopulated adj. 人口多的
overpeopled
sparsely-populated community
sparsely-peopled
population
Eg: What’s the population in your country?
Our country has a population of one billion.
The city has a population of two million.
population explosion
populous adj.
crowd 公交车拥挤 crewed
Eg: The narrow street is populous with people.
The most populous province in China is Shichun.
province 省
The most populous country in the world is China.
◆over-industrialized adj. 过度工业化的
◆sheer adj. 纯粹的，不掺杂的
有四个基本语意
1．pure unmixed
2. steep shere cliff
L46-09_47-01 end 12’45”
L47-02 begin 12’03”
3. complete
Eg: What are you talking about sheer nonsense?
4. transparent
sheer silk stockings
◆worldwide adv. 在全世界
◆overwhelm v. 制服，使不知所措
Eg: He was overwhelmed by grief. 他伤心至极
grief seized him.
Your kindness quite overwhelms me.您的这份好心使我感动得难以言表。（被你制服了）
If our country were overwhelm by pollution, it would be terrible.
conquer
overcome
get rid of
insumountable
vanquish
◆pollute v. 污染
◆pesticide n. 杀虫剂
◆fertilizer n. 肥料
◆salmonella n. 沙门氏菌
◆listeia n. 利斯特杆菌
◆vegetarian n. 吃素的人
◆organically-grown adj. 有机培植的（不施化肥和其他化学品培植）
◆insidious adj. 暗中为害的
◆burglar n. 窃贼
◆burgle v. 入室偷窃
◆scream v. 尖叫
scream at
◆profound adj. 极度的
intence
extreme
complete
Eg: Yesterday he had a profound sleep.
He is afflicted with profound anxieties.
knowledgable
He is a profound scholar.
◆irritation n. 烦躁
irritate v. 使烦躁
irriteted
irriteting
L47-02 end 12’03”
L47-03 begin 12’03”
◆incessantly adv. 连续不断地
perpetual
permanent
eternal
continuance
continual
continually
constant
endless
incessant adj.
Eg: It has been raining incessantly for three hours.
There is a week of incessant rains.
ceaseless
none stop
unbroken
uninterrupted
Eg: Last night I had an uninterrupted party.
He gave us a talk uninterruped.
◆whine v. 发呜呜声
◆helicopter n. 直升飞机
◆maximum adj. 最大的
◆technology n. 技术
◆mobile adj. 可移动的
◆snore v. 打鼾
◆offender n. 冒犯者
◆staggering adj. 令人惊愕的
surprise
amaze
astonish
astound
astounding
Eg: The old lady reported to the police and they felt astounded / found it staggering.
◆trumpet v. 吹号
【Text】
§ Lesson 47 Too high a price? 代价太高
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
What does the writer describe as an 'amusing old-fashioned source of noise'?
Pollution is the price we pay for an overpopulated, over industrialized planet. When you come to think about it, there are only four ways you can deal with rubbish: dump it, burn it, turn it into something you can use again, attempt to produce less of it. We keep trying all four methods, but he sheer volume of rubbish we produce worldwide threatens to overwhelm us.
Rubbish, however, is only part of the problem of polluting our planet. The need to produce ever-
increasing quantities of cheap food leads to a different kind of pollution. Industrialized farming methods produce cheap meat products: beef, pork and chicken. The use of pesticides and fertilizers produces cheap grain and vegetables. The price we pay for cheap food may be already too high: Mad Cow Disease (BSE) in cattle, salmonella in chicken and eggs, and wisteria in dairy products. And if you think you'll abandon meat and become a vegetarian, you have the choice of very expensive organically-grown vegetables or a steady diet of pesticides every time you think you're eating fresh salads and vegetables, or just having an innocent glass of water!
However, there is an even more insidious kind of pollution that particularly affects urban areas and invades our daily lives, and that is noise. Burglar alarms going off at any time of the day or night serve only to annoy passers-by and actually assist burglars to burgle. Car alarms constantly scream at us in the street and are a source of profound irritation. A recent survey of the effects of noise revealed (surprisingly?) that dogs barking incessantly in the night rated the highest form of noise pollution on a scale ranging from 1 to 7. The survey revealed a large number of sources of noise that we really dislike. Lawn mowers whining on a summer's day, late-night parties in apartment blocks, noisy neighbors, vehicles of al kinds, especially large container trucks thundering through quiet village, planes and helicopters flying overhead, large radios carried round in public places and played at maximum volume. New technology has also made its own contribution to noise. A lot of people object to mobile phones, especially when they are used in public places like restaurants or on public transport. Loud conversations on mobile phones invade our thoughts or interrupt the pleasure of meeting friends for a quiet chat. The noise pollution survey revealed a rather spurring and possibly amusing old fashioned source of noise. It turned out to be snoring! Men were found to be the worst offenders. It was revealed that 20% of men in their mid-thirties snore. This figure rises to a staggering 60% of men in their sixties. Against these figures, it was found that only 5% of women snore regularly, while the rest are constantly woken or kept awake by their trumpeting partners. Whatever the source of noise, one thing is certain: silence, it seems, has become a golden memory.
参考译文
【课文讲解】
背诵：Pollution is the price we pay for an overpopulated, over industrialized planet.
I was blamed for being late.
L47-03 end 12’03”
L47-04 begin 12’22”
Losing health is the price he paid for his hard work./ (working hard/ over working )
come to ==get to
并列平行结构
There are some good ways to study English well.
listen, speak, read and write.
There are four good ways to study English: listening, speaking, reading and writering.
reuse it recyde it
背熟：We keep trying all four methods, but he sheer volume of rubbish we produce worldwide threatens to overwhelm us.
volume == amount
threaten to do
Eg: The coming earthquake threatens the village.
Dark clouds threaten a heavy storm. 乌去预示着有一场风暴。
The sun promises a good day.
It is possible...
背熟：The need to produce ever-increasing quantities of cheap food leads to a different kind of pollution.
leads to
L47-04 end 12’22”
Lesson47A end 48:29
Lesson47B begin 54:49
L47-05 begin 49-02
背熟：The price we pay for cheap food may be already too high
The price we pay is too high.
abandon 强调被迫放弃
organically-grown vegetable: 绿色蔬菜
every time: whenever
innocent (of) adj. 清白的，无辜的，无知的
Paragraph 3 (l.15)
noise
L47-05 end 12’19”
L47-06 begin 12’49”
Paragraph 3 (l.15)
insidious 暗中为害的，阴险的
Burglar alarms going off at any time of the day or night serve only to annoy passers-by and actually ( to ) assist burglars to burgle.
背熟：Car alarms constantly scream at us in the street and are a source of profound irritation.
Eg: Her husband earns a lot of money every mounth and he is a source of income. 他的丈夫每月能赚很多钱，这是他的一棵摇钱树。
背熟：The survey revealed a large number of sources of noise that we really dislike.
名词结构 （平行结构）
lawn mower 割草机
container trucks: 集装箱卡车
sources of noise
背熟：New technology has also made its own contribution to noise.
make contribution to 作出...... 的贡献
L47-06 end 12’50”
L47-07 begin 14’08”
contribute to 引起，导致，是......的起因
Eg: Air pollution contributes to disease.
object to take object to
背熟：Loud conversations on mobile phones invade our thoughts or interrupt the pleasure of meeting friends for a quiet chat.
Eg: The air pollution survey revealed... 空气污染调查显示......
turn out: prove
offend:惹怒 offender 罪魁祸首
were found:客观描述
It is said...
It is revealed...
背熟：20% of mem in their mid-thirties
in their early thirties
背熟：Against these figures, it was found that ...
Comparing these figures, we found that...
背熟：are woken 被惊醒 / keep awake 不能入睡
比较：
Whatever the source of noise, one thing is certain: silence, it seems, has become a golden memory.
However you decide to spend your time, one thing is certain: you will arrive at your destination fresh and uncrumpled. （L44，ll28-29）
L47-07 end 14’08”
L47-08 begin 10’08”
【Vocabulary 】P218
Explain the meanings of the following words and phrases as they are used in the passage: dump(l.3); sheer volume (l.5); rubbish (l.5); leads to (l.8); dairy (l.11); abandon (l.11)organically-grown (l.12)
dump: drop completely
sheer volume: pure amount
rubbish: garbage
lead to: result in, cause; bring about
dairy: a place where milk is kept and milk product are made
abandon: give up
organically-grown: using farming or gardening methods without artificial chemicals or fertilizer
【Multiple choice questions】
Comprehension
1 ---- the sheer volume of rubbish we produce worldwide _____.
a. is heaped up like a great mountain
b. is spread over the world like a blanket
c. is already beyond our control
d. is like a tide that will rise and drown us
2 The root cause of pollution in agriculture is _____ .
a. the intensive use of pesticides and fertilizers
b. the twin pressures to produce more food and at lower cost
c. the confloct between good hygiene and cheap meat production
d. the unrealistic price of organically-grown vegetables
背熟： The root cause of pollution in agriculture is the twin pressures to produce more food and at lower cost.
3 For most people, the most distressing form of noise pollution is _____ .
a. dogs barking all night b. people using mobile phones
c. heavy trucks in quiet villages d. noisy neighbours having parties
4 Snoring causes a severe noise problem for _____ .
a. young males in particular b. a majority of middle-aged men
c. women of all ages d. young women especially
背熟：Snoring causes a severe noise problem for women of all ages.
Structure
5 ---- there are only four ways _____ rubbish. (ll.2-3)
a. of dealing with b. which to deal with c. can be dealt with d. to be dealing with
6 We keep trying _____ methods.(l.5)
a. these all four b. of these all four c. all of these four d. all these of four
7 Burglar alarms _____ at any time of the day or night serve only to annoy.(ll.16-17)
a. that go off b. that are going off c. go off d. which going off
people traveling around the world quite often
L47-08 end 10’08”
L47-09 begin 5’34”
8 A recent survey revealed that _____dogs barking incessantly in the night that we dislike most.(ll.18-19)
a. it is b. is c. there be d. there are
vocabulary 词汇
9 ★★★ New technology has also _____ in noise pollution. (l.23)
a. done its bit b. done a share c. played a role d. given its all
make contributio to 导致，造成了
play an important role / part in sth.
Eg: Reading plays an important role in our English study.
do its bit: 尽本份做应该做的
do a share: 做好份内工作
10 A lot of people _____ to mobile phones, especially in public places. (l.24)
a. except b. offend c. take exception d. take offence
take exception against
offernd 冒犯，触怒，使不舒服
take offence at sb. / sth.
11 背熟：The noise pollution survey _____ a rather surprising source of noise. (ll.26-27)
a. brought to light b. gave birth to c. came to be d. took the lid off
bring sth. to light
come to light
12 _____ these figures, it was found that only 5% of women snore. (l.29)
a. Comparing with b. By comparison with c. In comparing d. In comparing with
by comparison
by comparison with sth.
【Key to Multiple choice questions】
1. C 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. C 7. A 8. A 9. C 10. C 11. A 12. B
L47-09 end 5’34” Lesson47B end 54:49 Lesson47 end 1:43:18
