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专业四级词汇、语法详细解答40套(22)

[日期:2008-04-15] 来源:  作者:英语坊收藏到QQ书签 [字体: ]

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Test TwentyTwo

近义词辨析

edge, border, rim, verge

这组词皆有“边,边缘”之意。

edge

通常指某物一边的边线、两个平面的交界线以及各种界线,其引申含义表示两个处于不同性质或状态之间的明显界线,特指处在不利状态下的边缘。

border

意为“边界,边境,国境”,也可以指装饰周边的“边”。

rim

意思是“边,边缘”,尤指圆形或近似圆形的物体的边缘。

verge

特指道路、花坛等长着草的“边缘”。

verge常用于on the verge of 这一固定搭配中。如:

This is the north edge of the field.这是这块地的北边线。

The plane flew across the border.飞机飞越了边境。

He wears a pair of spectacles with gold rims.他戴一副金丝边眼镜。

She was on the verge of speaking out the secret.她差点儿把秘密说出来。

brief, concise, condensed, short

这组词均含有“简明,简洁”的意思。

brief和short

同义,往往就时间、事件、写作、说话而言,表示暂时的、简短的、简洁的。”

concise

指某人的言语或文体只用少量文字传达了大量信息。

condensed

有“凝炼”之意,即被压缩的。

short

是最普通的词,既可指时间,也可指空间。

如:

I left him a brief note.我给他留了一个便条。

Most of Bacon’s essays are concise.培根的多数小品文都很简洁。

This news story is condensed.这篇新闻报道被压缩了。

His answer was short and to the point.他的回答简明扼要。

全真模拟试题
1. ____ a fine day, we decided to go for a picnic.
A. Having been
B. Being
C. What
D. It being

2. He came to know that the knowledge from books can be useful only ______ it is linked with practice.
A. as
B. when
C. while
D. for

3. ____, it is quite easy to drill a hole in it with laser.
A. Hard although a diamond is 
B. As a diamond is hard
C. Hard as a diamond is
D. How hard is a diamond

4. Silk, printing, paper, the compass and powder originated in China, and ____ introduction in the west had farreaching effects.
A. these
B. their
C. those
D. its

5. The problem is believed ____ at the meeting two days ago.
A. to have discussed
B. to have been discussed
C. being discussed
D. having been discussed

6. Ultrasonic sounds produce pulsed signals ____ various defects in metal can be detected.
A. for which
B. of which 
C. as a result of which
D. by means of which

7. In computer programming, this model is ____ to any of the others we have ever had.
A. more superior
B. the more superior
C. the most superior
D. superior

8. The introduction of the coal pulverizing system in Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant vastly reduces the time it took ____
A. to mill the coal
B. milling the coal 
C. for milling the coal
D. while milling the coal

9. Some members suggested ____ a party for the visitor, but the Chairman didn’t approve.
A. to arrange
B. arrange
C. arranging
D. to be arranging

10. If the maid comes today, please have her ____ my shirts.
A. washed
B. washing
C. to wash
D. wash

11. ____ racial problems have not been solved and full equality has not been attained yet, progress in these directions has been quite remarkable.
A. Since
B. Although
C. Now that
D. Before

12. ____ they are alarmed at the interference with the natural balance of the environment, and its possible consequences.
A. All in all
B. After all
C. Above all
D. In all

13. Rumor ____ it that the man has been nominated many times for the Nobel Prize.
A. has
B. spreads
C. carries
D. learns

14. Just because I’m ____ to him, my boss thinks he can order me around without giving me any respect.
A. redundant
B. versatile
C. trivial
D. subordinate

15. In our society, a wedding invitation is also an ____invitation for a gift.
A.ingenious
B. intelligible
C. implicit
D. inclusive

16. The strong scent of Kate’s perfume ____ the air in the small room.
A. radiated
B. permeated
C. extracted
D. dispersed

17. An atom bomb would ____ a city.
A. destroy
B. damage
C. spoil
D. wreck

18. The climate here is pleasant. It is ____ all the year round.
A. damp
B. humid
C. moist
D. wet

19. The room is partly ____ with a few old chairs.
A. provided
B. decorated
C. beautified
D. furnished

20. If Karl were more ____ about her voice, she would never sing outside of the shower.
A. punctual
B. practical
C. sensitive
D. objective

21. Renewing my driver’s licence today is ____. Otherwise, the licence will expire at midnight.
A. imaginative
B. feasible
C. imperative
D. empirical

22. For those with poor eyesight, large print ____ reading.
A. facilitates
B. rectifies
C. reinforces
D. magnifies

23. Nancy complained about the ____ airconditioner she bought from the department store.
A. inefficient
B. deficient
C. ineffective
D. defective

24. ____ the large amount of time devoted to listening every day, most college students do not listen effectively.
A. However
B. If
C. Despite
D. Even

25. If we continue to argue over minor points, we won’t get ____near a solution.
A. anywhere
B. somewhere
C. elsewhere
D. nowhere

试题答案与解析

1. D)
【句意】天气很好,我们决定出去野炊。
【难点】现在分词经常用作句子状语,本句的原因状语采用现在分词表示的独立主格结构,由于主句和从句的主语不一致,故在作状语的现在分词之前加了逻辑主语it。
2. B)
【句意】他逐渐认识到,书本上的知识只有与实践相结合才能有用。
【难点】as 作连词时,一般意为“正当…时候”。 While作连词时,一般连接的两个动作同时或几乎同时发生。when意为“当…时候”,前加only是为强调,only when是一习惯组合。
3.C)
【句意】虽然钻石坚硬,但用激光很容易就能在上面钻孔。
【难点】由although引导的让步状语从句,可以换成由as引导的倒装句形式,句型一般为adj(adv 或n)+as +主语+谓语。其他三个选项不表达让步意义。
4. B)
【句意】丝绸,印刷,纸张,指南针和火药源于中国,它们的引进给西方造成了深远的影响。
【难点】该句考查名词和物主代词的指代关系。
5. B)
【句意】这一问题肯定在两天之前的会议上讨论过。
【难点】跟在believe,think, consider 等词后面作主语补足语的成分一般为动词不定式。
6. D)
【句意】超声波能产生脉冲信号,通过这些信号就能检测出金属中的各种缺陷。
【难点】for which表示目的;of which 表示所属;as a result of which相当于表示由其引导的定语从句与其所修饰的主句构成因果关系;by means of 意为“通过(某种方式)”。
7. D)
【句意】在计算机编程中,这种模块比我们所有的其他模块都好。
【难点】be supeiror to 意为“优越于,好于”。该短语本身就表示比较级,所以它表示“比…好”时不再需要加任何修饰。
8. A)
【句意】大亚湾核电站引进的磨煤系统大大减少了过去粉碎煤所需的时间。
【难点】take some time to do sth表示“做某事花…时间”。
9. C)
【句意】有些委员建议为来访者安排一次聚会,但主席对此予以否决。
【难点】suggest当“建议”讲时,其后的动词应该采用动名词形式,类似的动词还有: finish (完成),avoid(避免),mind(在意)等。
10. D)
【句意】如果服务员今天来,请让她给我洗洗衬衫。
【难点】用have, make 或let表达“让某人做某事”时,要求后跟不带to的动词不定式短语作宾补。
11. B)
【句意】虽然种族问题还没有得到彻底解决,完全的平等还没有得到实现,但这些方面所取得的进步是值得称道的。
【难点】although意为“尽管,虽然”,引导让步状语从句;since 意为“因为;既然”;now that意为“现在已经…;既然已…”;before long意为“不久”,不是连词,不能带从句。
12. C)
【句意】更重要的是,他们对人们干扰生态平衡的行为以及可能产生的后果表示震惊。
【难点】above all 意为“更重要的是,尤其”;all in all 意为“总而言之,总的说来”;after all 意为“毕竟,终究”; in all 意为“全部,总共,总计”。
13. A)
【句意】传说那个人多次得到诺贝尔奖提名。
【难点】rumor has it that …是一个固定句式,意为“传言…,传说…”,其中it为无人称代词。其它三个词不能在本句中形成固定搭配。
14. D)
【句意】只是因为我隶属老板,他就认为他可以对我招之即来,挥之即去,不尊重我的人格。
【难点】subordinate意为“下级的,次要的;隶属的”,后接to;redundant意为“累赘的,多余的,重复的”;versatile意为“多才多艺的,有多方面才能的”;trivial意为“琐碎的;无足轻重的”。
15. C)
【句意】在我们的社会,婚礼请柬也是一种要求送礼的含蓄的表达方式。
【难点】implicit 意为“不言自明的;含蓄的”;ingenious意为“聪明的,有发明天才的”;intelligible意为“可理解的;明白易懂的”;inclusive意为“包括的,包含的”。
16. B)
【句意】凯特香水的浓浓香气弥漫了小屋。
【难点】permeate意为“漫布,遍布,弥漫”;radiate意为“辐射,发散;传播”;extract意为“(费力)取出,拔出”;disperse 意为“使散布,散发,传播”。
17. A)
【句意】一颗原子弹就会摧毁一座城市。
【难点】destroy 意为“破坏,摧毁”;damage意为“损害,损坏”,指局部性的破坏;spoil意为“弄糟,破坏;溺爱”;wreck意为“弄坏(身体),使(计划)受挫”。
18. C)
【句意】这里的气候十分宜人,终年湿润。
【难点】moist意为“微湿;湿润的”,为褒义词;damp意为“潮湿的,湿气重的”,为贬义词;humid意为“潮湿的,湿润的”,为中性词;wet意为“湿的,未干的”。
19. D)
【句意】这个房间里的家具包括几把旧扶手椅。
【难点】furnish意为“为(房间)配备家具;provide意为“提供;供给”;decorate意为“装饰,装潢”;beautify 意为“使美起来,美化”。
20. D)
【句意】如果卡尔对她的嗓音的评价客观的话,那么她就不会刚洗完澡就唱了。
【难点】objective意为“客观的”;punctual意为“准时的,按时的”;practical意为“实际的,实用的”;sensitive意为“敏感的,感觉灵敏的”,后接to。
21. C)
【句意】我的驾照必须今天就续办,否则,驾照会在半夜到期而无效。
【难点】imperative意为“紧急的,必要的”;imaginative 意为“富于想象力的”;feasible 意为“可能的,可行的”;empirical意为“单凭经验的,经验主义的”。
22. A)
【句意】对那些视力较差的人,大写字体益于他们阅读。
【难点】facilitate意为“使便利,帮助”;rectify意为“纠正,矫正,改正,修订”;reinforce意为“增援;加强”;magnify意为“放大,扩大”。
23. D)
【句意】南希抱怨自己从百货商店买来的那部有缺陷的空调器。
【难点】defective意为“有缺点的,有缺陷的,有毛病的”;inefficient意为“效率低的”;ineffective意为“无效的,不起作用的”;deficient意为“不足的,缺乏的”。
24.C)
【句意】尽管花了大量时间去练习听力,可大多数高校学生的听力还不尽人意。
【难点】despite意为“不管,尽管”,是介词,后加名词;however意为“然而,无论怎样”,是副词,修饰形容词或全句;if是连词,带从句,表示条件;even意为“甚至,即使;更加”,是副词,修饰形容词。
25. A)
【句意】如果我们继续为小事纠缠不休的话,我们就不会找到任何解决问题的方法。
【难点】get somewhere 意为“有进展,有结果”,get nowhere意为“无进展,无结果”,亦即not get anywhere。以上是习语性搭配,所有其他选项不合适。



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