高考英语答题技巧解题方法-高考作文

Drinking in the USA (1) --酒在美国

美国的酒大致可分为啤酒、鸡尾酒、威士忌和葡萄酒。啤酒有淡啤酒和
浓啤酒之别；包装采用瓶装、听装和壶装。鸡尾酒和“混合饮料”含有
很浓的酒精成分，饮用方式一般有加冰和不加冰两种，其配制方式各种
各样。威士忌也是一种烈性酒，而且呈油状，分为黑麦威士忌和苏格兰
威士忌。葡萄酒分为红、白两种，但值得注意的是：标有“Chablis”商
标的葡萄酒并非法国所产的无甜味的白葡萄酒，而是美国加利弗尼亚州生
产的白葡萄酒，该酒在美国享有盛誉。
　　Beer
　　American beer, with very few exceptions, varies from the mediocre(普通的) to the terrible. There are not many types of beer in the US—"light" and "dark" are two terms commonly used.
　　It is therefore normal to order beer simply by brand name. In a restaurant, in fact, it is quite all right to order "a beer", and they will tell you what they have.
　　It is not necessary, either, to specify quantity when ordering beer. If it comes in bottles or cans, you will get a bottle or can, and if it's "on tap"(可以随时取用的) you will get a glass, unless you order a "pitcher"(有嘴和柄的大酒罐 i.e.a jug). The latter is very convenient thing to do, since you can then take the jug and glasses to your table and keep filling up without going back to the bar. (It is harder, however, to know how much you have drunk.)
　　Some beer comes in bottles with tops that look as if they need an opener, but you can, in fact, screw(拧开) them off by hand—though you have to be very careful not to hurt yourself. It is possible, in some stores and bars, to find a wide selection of beer from all over the world, especially Western Europe and Australia, and it is good fun to experiment with these.
　　Cocktails
　　Cocktails and "mixed drinks" are much more popular and rather stronger in the USA than in Europe, and visitors may not be familiar with some of the terminology(术语). "On the rocks", as you probably know, means with ice, while "straight up" or "up" means neat and without ice.
There are hundreds of different cocktails, and there is no space here to list all the different names.
　　The Hard Stuff
　　In America "whiskey" means bourbon(一种烈性威士忌酒，最初为美国肯塔基州Bourbon地区所产) unless otherwise indicated. Bourbon is a rather oily spirit made from maize(玉米). Rye(黑麦威士忌酒) whiskey is called "rye" and Scotch whiskey "Scotch".
　　Wine
　　In bars wine can often be bought by the glass. Don't be misled by names such as "Chablis" is used to refer to white wine, and "Burgundy" to red—Americans seem never to have heard of white Burgundy..

Eating in America (2)--美国餐厅用餐知多少

中国菜着重色、香、味， 西餐讲究实惠。初到美国餐馆用餐，应该注意如下
事项：
1）选择合适的餐馆（如：家庭式餐馆、特色餐馆以及自助式餐馆等）；
2）餐馆营业时间（上午11：30开门营业，直到夜晚）；
3）一般都应事先预订餐位：
4）到达餐馆后，不能径直地到餐桌旁入桌，除非餐厅有“随意就坐”的告示；
5）付款时，别忘了留给服务员一定比例的小费（一般为实际总额的10%～
15%）。
Eating out is one of the joy of being in the USA. The food is usually good and often excellent; the prices are reasonable ; and the service is mostly fine.
      Choosing a Restaurant 选择餐馆
      Some restaurants are open for breakfast; others are open twenty-four hours a day. A number of restaurants call themselves "family restaurants". Many of these serve no alcohol and have fairly restricted menus which include steaks, hamburgers, omelettes(炒蛋) and sandwiches, and all are at very reasonable prices. They may also serve smaller and cheaper children's portios(份餐). Note that many American restaurants are "speciatly" restaurants . They may serve only, or mainly , steaks , seafood, etc.
      When to Eat 供餐时间
      Many restaurants, especially the more expensive ones, open at about 11：30 a.m.(midday, rather than 1 p.m. , is the most normal time for lunch in the USA), and some remain open until the evening, so it is possible to order a meal throughout the afternoon.
      In many areas it is usual for people to leave work and go out for an evening meal at 5 p.m. or 6 p.m. , than waiting until later.
      Reserving a Table 预订餐位
      Eating out is rather popular in the USA. And it is often necessary to make a reservation. You will sometimes see short queues of people waiting for tables at restaurants-it's more pleasant to wait in the bar , of course, if there is one-but there queues more quickly.
      Arriving at Restaurant 到达餐馆
      When you arrive at most restaurant, you should not just go in and sit down-unless you see a sign saying "Please seat yourself" . Usually you will have to wait for a "hostess" or "captain"(领班) to escort(陪同) you to a table . Often there will be a sign that reads "Please wait to be seated".
      Do not expect to share a table with other parties, even if the restaurant is crowed . It just isn't done.
      Many restaurant have a no-smoking section, in some place by lows.
      One excellent American custom is that after you have sat down your waiter or waitress will often bring you a glass or water(with ice naturally) and will keep on refilling it throughout the meal. (Most American are incapable of eating a meal without drinking something at the same time.)
When your waiter or waitress takes your order, it is not very normal for one person to order for the whole table. Each person orders separately , except in the most expensive restaurants.
      Summoning a waiter 召唤侍者
      You may find your waiter unusually friendly. He may ask you how you are (You're supposed just to say "Fine"), inquire whether you have a good day and , later on say that he hopes you will enjoy your meal.
      To summon a waiter in a American restaurant you may call "Bill", or "Mary", or "Claude", or whatever. Waiters and waitresses often actually introduce themselves when they first come to your table or wear name tags, you are permitted to use their first names.
      Paying the Bill 付款
      The bill (often called the "check") comes usually with tax added but no service chare-though some restaurant do now add a service charge. The etiquette(规矩) books say that you should leave a ten per cent tip(小费) for lunch, fifteen per cent for dinner. The tip should be calculated on the basis of the total before the addition of tax.
      At many restaurant you can ask the waiter to bring the bill and than pay at a cash desk on the way out.

Eating in America (3)--美国主食吃什么

美国人吃午餐和吃晚餐之前通常要喝点鸡尾酒，但在加利福尼亚州，人们
大都喝葡萄酒。吃主食之前，一般都要吃一盘色拉。炸磨茹和炸洋葱圈可
作为开胃食品，牛排、猪排和鸡（腿）为主食，龙虾、贝壳类动物以及各
种鱼类甚至包括淡水鱼被统称为海鲜。炸土豆条是深受人们喜爱而且几乎
成了必不可少的食物。另外应特别注意的一点，如有吃剩的食物，一定要
打包带回家，以免浪费。
　　Cocktail鸡尾酒
　　It is quite usual to drink cocktails before lunch and dinner in America and somewhat less usual, except in California, to drink wine with a meal. You can either have a cocktail in the bar, if there is one, while you wait for a table or for friends, or you can have one served before your dinner comes. At some restaurants the waiter/waitress will come to your table as soon as you sit down to ask if you want a cocktail, and you can then drink this while deciding what to order to eat. At others, there may be a separate cocktail waiter or waitress. In this case, you do not normally order wine from him or her but from the normal waiter- or the wine waiter is there is one.
　　Do not hesitate to order Californian wines. They can be excellent and in many parts of the country are cheap.
　　Salad　色拉
　　It is usual to have a salad with your meal, and a separate plate is provided for this purpose. The normal practice in America is to eat the salad before the main course. A wonderful American invention is the salad bar. In restaurants that have these salad bars the waiter does not bring your salad. You go to the salad bar and help yourself, usually to as much as you want. This is normally done after you have ordered your meal; you eat the salad while the main course is being cooked.
　　Choosing from the Menu　选菜
　　American menus can look rather confusing at first sight, for they may use some terms which are unfamiliar to most vistors. Here are some points which may be useful.
　　Fried mushrooms, fried onion rings (洋葱圈) and fried zucchini (小胡瓜) are sometimes served as starters (第一道菜).
　　Potatoes most often come "French-fried" or baked. If you order a baked potato, the waiter will ask you what you want on it. The choice is butter and/or sour cream and sometimes chives (细香葱).
　　Very often vegetables do not come automatically with the meal, and you have to pay extra for them.
　　"Scrod" (小鳕鱼), "red snapper" (啮龟) and "mahi hahi" are all name of fish. "Seafood"means lobster (龙虾), shellfish and fish, including,funnily enough, freshwater fish! Prawns (对虾) are known as "shrimp".
　　American beef is usually good and often wonderful.
　　American salt and pepper (糊椒粉) pots are confusing until you realize that the salt pot may look like a pepper pot except that the salt pot's holes are bigger. Pepper is normally black rather than white. American mustard (芥末) is mild and normally eaten with hot dogs or hamburgers rather than meat.
　　And that stuff in a dish that looks ice cream is actually whipped (搅拌过的) butter.
　　Leftovers　吃剩的食物
　　You have probably heard that in American restaurants, if you can't finish your meal, you can put the remains in a "doggy bag" and take them home. This is quite true. If you leave some meat, in particular, your waiter may ask you if you'd like him to put it into "a little bag", or you can ask him to do this.

Eating in America (4)--无所不在的快餐店

随着美国人生活节奏的加快，快餐食品便应运而生．其快餐连锁店遍及世
界各地，其中影响最大的当属麦当劳快餐连锁店．供应的快餐食品有：汉
堡包、烤牛肉、牛排、火腿、三明治、肯德鸡、油炸土豆片、烘馅饼、冰
淇淋以及各种碳酸饮料等．
　　Fast Food 快餐食品
　　Fast-food chains，American-style， are currently on the increase all over the world．Most of these places work on a similar principle． There is a long counter ， above which is displayed a list（often with pictures） of the items available， and behind which several people（often students   working for the minimum wage）are serving． Individual queues form in front of each assistant ．You receive what you order more or less immediately and take it on a tray to a table， picking up thing like straws（吸管）， pepper， salt， ketchup（蕃茄酱），pickles（泡菜）and napkins（usually paper napkins） on the way．If you can’t see any knives and forks ， this means you are supposed to eat with your hands．If you can’t see any straws， that’s because they are hiding in the straw dispenser（分配器） that you have to fiddle（拨弄） with the bottom of it to get a straw（one at a time）to emerge．When you’ve finished， you yourself throw away everything except the tray．
　　Many fast-food places have drive-in facilities．You place your order from your car via（通过） a microphone and then drive round to a special window to pay and pick it up ．You may even encounter places where a waitress bring your meal out， and you sit and eat it in the car from a tray hooked over the door through the open window．
You may be asked if your order is “for here”or “to go ”（i．e．to take away）．In some states there is no sales tax on food consumed．
　　Types of Fast Food Restaurants 快餐店的种类
　　The most widespread type of fast-food restaurant is that serving hamburgers， such as the chains of McDonald．All the different chains have their own specialties ．Arby’s restaurants serve large roast beef， ham and cheese， and turkey（火鸡） “sandwiches”． Some restaurant chains specialize in serving steaks quickly and cheaply． And then there’s Kentucky Fried Chicken．
　　Chips 油炸土豆片
　　Chips in America are called “French fries”or “fries ”for short．（Note that in the USA “chips” mean crisps）．“French fries”are normally thinner than chips．Amercians generally put ketchup on their chips ，and you will not normally find vinegar（醋）．
　  Pizzas（意大利式）烘焰饼
　　There are many specialty pizza restaurants in America， and many of them take telephone orders and deliver pizzas to your home， which can often be convenient．They come in different sizes， and a large one can be big enough for a party of four people．If you want to share a pizza but can’t agree on the ingredients ， it is possible to order two different sets of toppings ，one set on each half．
　　Ice-Cream 冰淇淋
　　Shops selling large number of different flavors of ice-cream are very common in America． If you are not sure what flavor you want ，generaly you can sample a small spoonful of a particular flavor to see if you like it． You can either have your ice-cream in a “plain cone”（普通型锥形物） or in a “sugar cone”（甜脆型锥形物）．
　　Soft Drinks 软饮料
Fast-food restaurants do not serve alcohol．The soft drinks most often sold are Coca-Cola and Pepsi——Cola， plus fizzy drinks （which are like lemonade） and root beer（which is like cough medicine）．Fizzy drinks are known as “carbonated beverages”（碳酸饮料） or ，more colloquially，“soda”，“pop”，“soda pop”，and “soft drinks”．
All these drinks come with lots of ice． In fact， you will probably find as much ice as drink in your drink．If you ask for a soft drink without ice， they will think you are funny but will be probably obliged．（They may charge you a bit extra， for ice is cheaper than Coke．）